Executive Order 14233: Establishment of the Strategic Bitcoin Reserve and United States Digital Asset Stockpile
President: Donald J. Trump
Established policy for a Strategic Bitcoin Reserve and U.S. Digital Asset Stockpile using forfeited federal assets and directed Treasury planning.
Status: In effect. Is Executive Order 14233 still in effect? Yes. Executive Order 14233 remains in effect. See Federal Register record.
What does Executive Order 14233 do?
The White House digital assets report says Treasury delivered considerations on establishing and managing the reserve and stockpile and would coordinate on operational steps.
Follow-up reviewed September 24, 2026: Treasury lists strategic reserve implementation as a future support criterion; no verified inventory, custody transfer, or quantity of bitcoin in the reserve was found.
Reading the operative provisions of Executive Order 14233
The order distinguishes a Strategic Bitcoin Reserve from a broader U.S. Digital Asset Stockpile. The reserve is designed to hold bitcoin already owned by the federal government through forfeiture, with Treasury assigned management responsibilities. The stockpile covers other digital assets forfeited to the United States and is managed under a separate framework. This distinction matters because the order does not direct the government to buy bitcoin on the open market. Its source and asset rules appear in the Federal Register text of EO 14233.
Forfeiture is the legal process by which property is transferred to the government after criminal or civil proceedings. The order directs agencies to account for relevant assets and Treasury to develop policy for custody and management. It also limits when assets may be sold or used, making provenance and legal status important. A digital asset seized temporarily is not necessarily a forfeited asset available for a reserve; the legal process must be complete. Nor does naming an asset in the stockpile prove that the government currently controls a particular quantity or has resolved custody questions for every wallet.
Treasury planning documents and the administration’s digital-assets report can describe intended governance, reporting and custody arrangements. They should not be mistaken for an audited balance sheet or proof that every operational safeguard is active. A reliable accounting would identify the asset, the forfeiture basis, custody location, valuation method and any restrictions on transfer. The reserve is an executive-branch asset-management policy; it does not establish legal tender status for bitcoin, compel private holders to sell, or change securities and commodities laws. Those broader questions remain governed by statutes and separate agency actions.
Before and after
Before the order
The order tasked Treasury with accounting for relevant government holdings and considering administration of the reserve and stockpile.
After the order
The White House digital assets report says Treasury delivered considerations on establishing and managing the reserve and stockpile and would coordinate on operational steps.
The report describes planning and a framework, not a verified balance, completed acquisition, or proof that all custodial operations were in place.
Who had to do what
| Agency / office | Action | Timing / position |
|---|---|---|
| Secretary of the Treasury | Establish and control custodial accounts for the Strategic Bitcoin Reserve and the United States Digital Asset Stockpile; keep reserve Bitcoin as a U.S. reserve asset and determine stewardship strategies for stockpile assets. | Ongoing; no fixed establishment deadline stated. |
| Each agency | Review its authority to transfer Government Bitcoin and other covered digital assets to the Treasury accounts, then report the review results to Treasury. | Within 30 days of March 6, 2025. |
| Secretary of the Treasury and Secretary of Commerce | Develop budget-neutral strategies for acquiring additional Government Bitcoin that impose no incremental cost on taxpayers. | No deadline stated. |
| Agency heads | Provide Treasury and the President’s Working Group on Digital Asset Markets a full accounting of covered digital assets, or confirm that the agency holds none; do not sell or dispose of assets except under the order’s listed legal exceptions. | Accounting or no-assets confirmation due within 30 days; disposal limits apply on an ongoing basis. |
| Secretary of the Treasury | Deliver an evaluation of legal and investment considerations for establishing and managing the reserve and stockpile, including account location and possible legislation. | Within 60 days of March 6, 2025. |
| Later action | The White House digital assets report says Treasury delivered considerations on establishing and managing the reserve and stockpile and would coordinate on operational steps. | July 30, 2025 |
What happened next
EO 14233 signed.
The White House digital assets report says Treasury delivered considerations on establishing and managing the reserve and stockpile and would coordinate on operational steps.
Legal and source detail
How it works legally
The report describes planning and a framework, not a verified balance, completed acquisition, or proof that all custodial operations were in place.
Sources by type
If a source is unavailable, first check the cited publisher or another official repository. The cited publisher remains the authority.
Primary and official sources
Orders, laws, court records and official implementation material.
How we checked this
Last checked against the sources above on September 26, 2026. How we research →