Executive Order 12997: Korean Peninsula Energy Development Organization
President: Bill Clinton
Designated the Korean Peninsula Energy Development Organization for statutory privileges supporting implementation of the 1994 US–North Korea Agreed Framework.
Status: Revoked. Is Executive Order 12997 still in effect? No. Executive Order 12997 was revoked. See Federal Register record.
What does Executive Order 12997 do?
EO 12997 designated KEDO as a public international organization under the International Organizations Immunities Act. KEDO had been formed by the United States, South Korea and Japan to provide heavy fuel oil and arrange proliferation-resistant light-water reactors for North Korea under the 1994 Agreed Framework. Fuel deliveries were suspended in 2002 and the reactor project was terminated in 2006 as the nuclear agreement collapsed. The designation itself has not been expressly revoked, but the program it supported ended.
Before and after
Before the order
KEDO existed by international agreement without United States IOIA designation.
After the order
The organization received statutory privileges for its United States operations.
Who had to do what
| Agency / office | Action | Timing / position |
|---|---|---|
| Federal authorities | Recognize KEDO’s statutory privileges | While relevant |
| KEDO members | Implement fuel and reactor arrangements | Until program suspension and termination |
What happened next
The founding governments established KEDO.
EO 12997 made the designation.
Legal and source detail
How it works legally
The IOIA designation concerns organizational privileges, not the substantive nuclear bargain. The Agreed Framework and KEDO project ended independently of the order’s formal status.
Sources by type
If a source is unavailable, first check the cited publisher or another official repository. The cited publisher remains the authority.
Primary and official sources
Orders, laws, court records and official implementation material.
- GovInfo — EO 12997 (opens in a new tab) Order text
How we checked this
Last checked against the sources above on September 14, 2026. How we research →