Executive Order 14197: Progress on the Situation at Our Northern Border
President: Donald J. Trump
Paused the Canadian duties after the President found that Canada had taken immediate cooperative steps.
Status: Completed/expired. The pause window, rather than a continuing tariff program.
Is Executive Order 14197 still in effect? No. Its time-limited pause ended at 12:01 a.m. eastern time on March 4, 2025, under section 3(a), rather than being a current court-blocked pause. The underlying IEEPA tariff authority was later rejected in Learning Resources, Inc. v. Trump on February 20, 2026, and EO 14389 ended the duties that day. Original signed text; Supreme Court, February 20, 2026; EO 14389; CBP CSMS 67834313.
What does Executive Order 14197 do?
The measure relied on the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA). On February 20, 2026, the Supreme Court held that IEEPA does not authorize the President to impose tariffs. The order remains part of the historical presidential record, but its IEEPA duty direction cannot supply current tariff authority.
Reading the operative provisions of Executive Order 14197
EO 14197 amended the timing of the northern-border duty program by delaying the scheduled start until March 4, 2025, while the administration assessed Canada’s actions. It did not create a new tariff schedule from scratch; it modified the implementation of EO 14193. The pause and any later resumption or amendment must be read with the underlying tariff order and customs notices to determine the rate and entry dates covered.
The Supreme Court’s later ruling that IEEPA does not authorize the challenged tariffs affects the statutory basis for the duties that these orders attempted to impose. It does not mean every other tariff under a different statute is invalid. The separate 2026 section 122 surcharge had its own proclamation, rate, product scope, and temporary period; it was not an extension of EO 14197.
For importers and businesses, the order’s historical pause dates are only one part of the customs record. The applicable tariff schedule, any exclusions, the date goods entered, and later judicial or Customs instructions determine the treatment of a shipment. Read EO 14193, EO 14197, the Supreme Court opinion, and official customs notices together. Read Executive Order 14197 in the Federal Register; read the Supreme Court opinion.
The signed order delayed the scheduled start of EO 14193 duties, rather than forgiving a tax debt or creating a new tariff schedule. Section 3(a) moved the specified February 4 dates to March 4, 2025, at 12:01 a.m. eastern time and withdrew the original in-transit exception. Section 3(a).
During that pause, Homeland Security had to assess Canada’s actions with State, the Attorney General and the two named White House advisers. Section 3(c) made an earlier tariff response conditional on worsening crises and inadequate foreign action. Those original instructions are distinct from proof that an assessment was completed, or from the later judicial rejection of IEEPA tariff authority. Sections 3(b)–(c).
Before and after
Before the order
Tariff treatment was set by the Harmonized Tariff Schedule and measures issued under specific trade statutes.
IEEPA had not previously been used to impose the broad tariffs at issue in the 2026 Supreme Court cases.
After the order
The original pause itself ended at the March 4, 2025 start time. EO 14231, signed March 6 and effective March 7, separately introduced relief for qualifying USMCA entries and certain potash; it was not the instrument that ended this pause. Original pause deadline; Later relief, section 2.
The Supreme Court held that IEEPA does not authorize tariffs. The administration then used other statutes for separate measures, including a temporary section 122 surcharge that ran from February 24 to July 24, 2026.
Who had to do what
| Agency / official | Original direction | Timing and limits |
|---|---|---|
| Homeland Security Secretary | Continue assessing Canada’s actions on the declared emergency, in consultation with the four officials named in section 3(b). | During the pause; the tariff start was delayed until March 4, 2025, at 12:01 a.m. eastern time. No separate report deadline. |
| Secretary of State | Consult with the Homeland Security Secretary on Canada’s actions; section 3(b). | During the pause; no independent fixed reporting deadline. |
| Attorney General | Consult with the Homeland Security Secretary on the foreign actions; section 3(b). | During the pause; not a new tariff-schedule assignment. |
| Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs | Participate in the section 3(b) assessment consultation. | During the pause; no separate numerical deadline. |
| Assistant to the President for Homeland Security | Participate in the section 3(b) assessment consultation. | During the pause; no separate numerical deadline. |
| President | Take necessary steps, including immediate implementation of duties, if the crises worsen and Canada fails to take adequate steps; section 3(c). | Conditional direction in the original text, not evidence that the condition occurred or surviving IEEPA tariff authority after the Court ruling. |
Original section 3 assignments. The table separates consultation and conditional presidential action; general savings language does not add Treasury, USTR or Commerce assignments.
What happened next
EO 14197 signed.
The signed pause order was published in the Federal Register. Official publication.
The pause reached its express endpoint at 12:01 a.m. eastern time; the order had moved the underlying start dates to this time. Section 3(a).
EO 14231 was signed, providing later USMCA-entry and potash relief effective March 7, not ending the already-completed pause. Later signed amendment.
The Supreme Court rejected IEEPA tariff authority; this does not invalidate USMCA qualification or every customs action. Controlling opinion.
EO 14389 ended the underlying listed IEEPA duties as amended, preserving emergencies and non-tariff actions. Termination scope.
CBP issued the operational collection instructions in CSMS 67834313. Dated bulletin.
CBP specified no IEEPA duty collection on covered entries or warehouse withdrawals from 12:00 a.m. eastern time. Covered-entry cutoff.
EO 14389 was published in the Federal Register, after signing and the collection cutoff. Official publication.
A separate temporary 10% surcharge operated under section 122 of the Trade Act.
Current position checked against the Court judgment and official USTR tariff record.
Court status
See the court documents in Sources by type.
Legal and source detail
How it works legally
The order relied on IEEPA and the national-emergency framework, but the Supreme Court held on February 20, 2026, that IEEPA does not authorize presidential tariffs. It affirmed the Federal Circuit judgment in Trump v. V.O.S. Selections, No. 25–250, and vacated the separate District of Columbia judgment in Learning Resources, No. 24–1287, with instructions to dismiss for lack of jurisdiction. Majority holding and judgment dispositions.
The pause window, rather than a continuing tariff program. EO 14389 ended the listed IEEPA additional duties as amended without ending their emergency declarations or non-tariff actions. Its termination did not remove separate section 232 or section 301 duties, or decide whether a particular historical entry qualifies for a refund. Sections 1–2; Later collection instructions.
Sources by type
If a source is unavailable, first check the cited publisher or another official repository. The cited publisher remains the authority.
Primary and official sources
Orders, laws, court records and official implementation material.
How we checked this
Last checked against the sources above on September 9, 2026. How we research →
Additional evidence review: October 16, 2026. Checked the signed amendment, its precise timing and assignments, later rate changes where applicable, the Supreme Court’s distinct judgments, EO 14389 and CBP’s collection cutoff. Historical terms do not establish current entry eligibility, individual refunds or fulfillment of every consultation.