Executive Order 13953: Addressing the Threat to the Domestic Supply Chain From Reliance on Critical Minerals From Foreign Adversaries and Supporting the Domestic Mining and Processing Industries
President: Donald J. Trump
Declared an emergency over reliance on critical minerals from foreign adversaries and directed an Interior review and measures to support domestic mining and processing.
Status: In effect. Sources: Executive Order 13953 signed text · CRS R45618, September 1, 2025, Tables A-1 and A-3 · Executive Order 14017, February 24, 2021 · Federal Register executive order disposition table.
Is Executive Order 13953 still in effect? Yes. Its non-emergency directions on domestic mineral supply chains and Defense Production Act support remain unrevoked. The national emergency declared on September 30, 2020 expired on September 30, 2021; that expired emergency does not provide continuing IEEPA authority. Executive Order 14017 of February 24, 2021 required related supply-chain reviews without revoking this order.
What does Executive Order 13953 do?
EO 13953 directed agencies to assess reliance on foreign adversaries for critical minerals and support domestic mining and processing.
Later primary evidence reviewed September 24, 2026: Energy issued a loan-guarantee rule that expressly described its changes as responding to this order's critical-minerals directions. Official source. The cited steps do not establish every downstream effect.
The supply-chain concept extends beyond digging a mineral out of the ground. Section 8 includes exploration, concentration, separation, alloying, recycling and reprocessing as well as mining. That helps explain why the order combines diplomatic coordination, research, lending eligibility, permits and recovery from old mining material. Section 3 asks Interior to consider a possible equipment-grant program using delegated authority; “consider” is not a finding that every eligible mine was awarded money. Section 9 keeps implementation subject to applicable law and appropriations. Signed sections 2–4 and 8–9.
A documented implementation step was DOE’s January 15, 2021 final rule, effective that same day. Its introduction expressly links the changes to EO 13953. It revised eligible-project definitions and procedures for Title XVII loan guarantees and ATVM lending, including preliminary term sheets and third-party payment of specified costs and fees. These procedural changes are not a record of a particular loan closing, a cash grant or a completed processing plant. The underlying lending statutes and project-specific conditions still matter. DOE final rule, summary, dates and sections I–II.
The later supply-chain review is linked, but distinct. EO 14017, signed February 24, 2021, required Defense’s 100-day critical-minerals report to describe and update work under EO 13953; it also used EO 13953’s critical-minerals definition. That is a specific relationship, rather than a claim that the orders were interchangeable. Read the EO 14017 guide alongside the earlier EO 13817 list framework. EO 14017, sections 3(b)(iii) and 6(c); EO 13953, section 7.
The count of minerals in the 2020 preamble should not be mistaken for a permanent current list. EO 13953 amended EO 13817 to require periodic updates. The later final 2025 list, published in the Federal Register on November 7, 2025, contains 60 minerals under the later statutory/list process. Its notice distinguishes the earlier draft from the final list and describes public and interagency review. A list update identifies covered commodities; it is not proof that domestic production or any particular permit has been secured. Final 2025 notice, pages 50495–50496.
Before and after
Before the order
EO 13817 had directed a federal strategy for critical minerals before this additional supply-chain order.
After the order
Energy issued a loan-guarantee rule that expressly described its changes as responding to this order's critical-minerals directions.
Who had to do what
| Agency / office | Action | Timing / position |
|---|---|---|
| Interior Secretary: original emergency investigation | Investigate adversary reliance with Treasury, Defense, Commerce and other appropriate agencies; report recommendations through the named presidential assistants; provide threat updates and authorized congressional reports. | Section 1: initial report within 60 days of September 30, 2020; update by January 1, 2021 and every 180 days thereafter under the original emergency framework. Read the expired-emergency distinction in the status answer above. |
| Heads of relevant agencies | Identify usable legal authorities/appropriations, then explain strategies, organization and interagency coordination for domestic mineral supply chains. | Sections 2(b)–(c): authorities report within 30 days; strategy report within 60 days of signing; both routed through OMB, national-security and economic-policy assistants. |
| OSTP Director | Report federal mineral mapping/extraction/processing/use research, future R&D needs and funding opportunities through the specified presidential officials. | Section 2(d): within 60 days of signing; not proof that every funding opportunity became an award. |
| State Secretary | Report allied/private-sector cooperation, resilient supply-chain options, responsible sourcing/labor/business practices and reduced dependence on irresponsible mining, consulting USTR. | Section 2(e): within 45 days of signing; report through national-security, economic-policy and trade/manufacturing policy assistants. |
| United States Trade Representative | Consult on State’s allied/cooperation policy-options report. | Section 2(e): partner in State’s 45-day task, not a separate instruction to impose a tariff by that date. |
| Interior Secretary, consulting Defense | Consider whether delegated EO 13603 section 306 authority could support equipment-procurement/installation grants for domestic critical-mineral production/processing. | Section 3: consideration of a possible program; no numerical deadline, new appropriation or automatic grant award. |
| Energy Secretary: lending guidance and regulations | Publish/revise guidance on Title XVII and ATVM eligibility; review relevant regulations and propose appropriate revisions for notice and comment. | Section 4: guidance and regulation review within 30 days; proposed rules within 90 days of signing. The 90-day direction is to propose, not necessarily finalize or disburse a loan. |
| Interior Secretary: permitting, old sites and list maintenance | Use available lawful permitting authorities; identify powers supporting mineral recovery from historical waste/abandoned sites; periodically update the critical-minerals list through the existing process. | Sections 5–7: no numerical permitting, site-recovery or list-update interval in these sections; periodic updates required by the amendment to EO 13817. |
| Agriculture Secretary | Use available authorities to accelerate mineral-supply-chain permits and projects where appropriate and lawful. | Section 5: no universal numerical permit deadline or automatic approval. |
| Commerce Secretary | Consult on the original Interior investigation and use available lawful permit/project acceleration powers. | Sections 1(a), 5: partner in the original 60-day investigation; no numerical permitting deadline. |
| EPA Administrator | Use lawful permitting powers and examine authorities for recovering critical minerals from historic coal waste, historic mine material and abandoned sites. | Sections 5–6: no numerical deadline; does not erase applicable environmental law. |
| Army Secretary, through Assistant Secretary for Civil Works | Use available lawful authorities to accelerate relevant permits and projects. | Section 5: no numerical deadline or blanket permit exemption. |
| Energy Secretary: historical waste and sites | With Interior and EPA, examine authorities supporting recovery from historical waste and abandoned mining sites. | Section 6: no numerical deadline; separate from section 4’s lending clocks. |
| Defense and Treasury Secretaries; OMB and named presidential assistants | Defense/Treasury consult as specified; OMB and assistants serve as report-routing/receipt officials under the relevant provisions. | Sections 1–3: distinguish consultants/recipients from the official directed to produce each report; no additional independent numerical report deadline stated. |
This table records the original 2020 assignments and their different clocks. Section 1’s emergency investigation is not the same legal mechanism as the separate lending, permitting, waste-recovery and list-maintenance directions. The order called for recommendations that could include tariffs or quotas; it did not itself set a tariff schedule or quota amount. Elapsed report deadlines also are not evidence that each report or project was completed. EO 13953, sections 1–7.
What happened next
Executive Order 13953 signed.
The Federal Register published the September 30 order. Its original 30-, 45-, 60- and 90-day directions run from signing, not this publication date. Official source.
DOE published its final Title XVII/ATVM procedure and eligibility rule, effective the same day. The rule is an implementation record, not evidence a particular loan closed. Official source.
EO 14017 required Defense’s 100-day critical-minerals review to describe and update work under EO 13953 and adopted its critical-minerals definition. Official source.
The critical-minerals national emergency expired without renewal. The non-emergency mineral-supply-chain directions were not expressly revoked. Official source
The Federal Register published the final 2025 list of 60 critical minerals. This later list process is not a claim that every listed commodity was already produced domestically. Official source.
Later primary evidence reviewed: Energy issued a loan-guarantee rule that expressly described its changes as responding to this order's critical-minerals directions.
Legal and source detail
Sources by type
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Primary and official sources
Orders, laws, court records and official implementation material.
How we checked this
Last checked against the sources above on September 24, 2026. How we research →