Health and social policy

Executive Order 14099: Moving Beyond COVID-19 Vaccination Requirements for Federal Workers

President: Joseph R. Biden Jr.

Revoked the federal-employee and federal-contractor COVID-19 vaccination orders as the public-health emergency ended.

Status: Revoked.

Is Executive Order 14099 still in effect? No. EO 14148, section 2(fff), revoked it on January 20, 2025. Its earlier revocation of EO 14042 and EO 14043 took effect on May 12, 2023; EO 14174 expressly revoked those two orders again on January 21, 2025. Express revocation; disposition checked October 17, 2026.

EO 14099 ended two vaccination orders in May 2023; EO 14148 revoked EO 14099 in 2025 and EO 14174 expressly revoked the two earlier orders again
Separate revocations, separate dates. Original source-based diagram using EO 14099 sections 2–3, EO 14148 section 2(fff) and EO 14174 section 1. Later employment and personnel-record directions come from OPM’s August 8, 2025 memorandum.

What does Executive Order 14099 do?

Agency policies based on the two revoked vaccination orders could no longer be enforced after the order’s effective date.

Later primary evidence reviewed September 24, 2026: EO 14148 expressly revoked this order. Official source. The cited steps do not establish every downstream effect.

Administration position: The order’s findings and policy rationale were the Biden administration’s positions. This guide distinguishes them from implementation records and judicial rulings.

The order separated ending presidential requirements from unwinding agency policies. Section 2 revoked EO 14042 and EO 14043 and stopped enforcement of policies premised on them, while requiring lawful rescission. Section 3 set effectiveness at 12:01 a.m. eastern daylight time on May 12, 2023, before the May 15 Federal Register publication. Signed sections 2–3 and publication record.

Section 1 presented the Biden administration’s reasons for ending the government-wide requirements after changes in the pandemic. Those findings explain its policy choice; they are not an individual medical recommendation or a finding that every earlier personnel or contract dispute had ended. The administration’s policy statement.

OPM’s September 1, 2023 reminder shows a concrete implementation task: agencies were to examine USAJOBS and other vacancies, remove EO 14043 compliance as a job qualification, and promptly correct affected announcements through normal procedures. The memorandum told employees to contact their own agency human resources office, with component offices working through agency headquarters. This is evidence of an instruction to agencies, rather than an audit proving that every posting was corrected. OPM’s vacancy-review reminder and contact route.

OPM issued a separate, broader memorandum on August 8, 2025. It prohibited using COVID-19 vaccination status, prior noncompliance or exemption requests in employment decisions. It also directed removal of specified information from official personnel folders, subject to litigation-preservation obligations and an employee’s affirmative opt-out within 90 days; an employee who opted out could request removal later. Agencies were to report compliance by September 8, 2025. These are that later memorandum’s directions, not deadlines or record-deletion provisions in EO 14099. Their existence does not establish completion in a particular employee’s file. Later OPM memorandum, pages 1–2.

SignedMay 9, 2023
Lead officialsExecutive departments and agencies
Express timing12:01 a.m. EDT, May 12, 2023

Before and after

Before the order

EOs 14042 and 14043 had directed vaccination requirements, although litigation blocked major parts of contractor implementation.

After the order

The presidential requirements ended on May 12, 2023; covered agency policies could no longer be enforced and had to be rescinded lawfully. EO 14148 later revoked EO 14099 itself. Original effect; later revocation.

Who had to do what

Agency / officeActionTiming / position
Executive departments and agencies with implementing policiesStop enforcing policies premised on EO 14042 or EO 14043 and rescind them consistently with applicable law.Non-enforcement effective at 12:01 a.m. EDT on May 12, 2023; no separate numerical rescission deadline (sections 2–3).

Complete signed text. The order gives no separate guidance-update assignment to the Safer Federal Workforce Task Force or OPM. Section 4 preserves OMB’s existing functions; it does not assign a new OMB deliverable.

What happened next

EO 14099 signed.

Federal COVID-19 public-health emergency ended.

Revocations took effect.

The Federal Register published EO 14099 at 88 FR 30891–30892, after its specified effective date. Official publication.

OPM reminded agencies to correct job announcements that still listed compliance with EO 14043 as a qualification. Dated agency implementation reminder.

In Biden v. Feds for Medical Freedom, No. 23-60, the Supreme Court vacated the Fifth Circuit judgment and remanded with instructions that the district court vacate its preliminary-injunction order as moot. This was not a merits ruling approving a vaccine mandate. Court judgment.

EO 14148 section 2(fff) expressly revoked EO 14099. Revoking clause.

EO 14174 section 1 expressly revoked EO 14042 and EO 14043 again. It did not impose a replacement vaccination requirement. Later signed order.

OPM issued separate employment-decision and personnel-record instructions, including an employee opt-out and litigation-preservation condition. The memorandum set September 8, 2025 as its agency compliance-report deadline. Memorandum and conditions.