Executive Order 14384: Modifying Duties To Address Threats to the United States by the Government of the Russian Federation

What does Executive Order 14384 do?

This action formed part of the 2025–2026 tariff framework. On February 20, 2026, the Supreme Court held that IEEPA does not authorize presidential tariffs; EO 14389 then ended the additional ad valorem duties imposed under the listed IEEPA orders. Measures based on other statutes and the all-country de minimis suspension require separate analysis.

Reading the operative provisions of Executive Order 14384

EO 14384 ended the additional 25 percent duty on certain Indian imports after the administration found that India had committed to stop importing Russian oil. The Federal Register text modifies the earlier India tariff order and specifies the effective date. It is a completed tariff change, not a general repeal of all trade measures related to Russia.

The duty had applied to covered Indian-origin goods, not directly to the oil itself. Removing it changes the customs rate for entries after the effective date, while other tariffs and ordinary duties may still apply. Importers need to distinguish this additional rate from sanctions, export controls and other trade remedies concerning Russian energy.

EO 14389 later ended other specified IEEPA tariff actions after the Supreme Court decision. EO 14384’s own change should still be read on its effective date and alongside that later measure. Customs entries made before and after the changes can be treated differently. A company assessing a shipment should use the tariff schedule and CBP instructions for the entry date rather than rely on a broad summary of the policy.

The exact cutoff matters. Section 2 removed the EO 14329 additional 25 percent duty for covered Indian products entered for consumption, or withdrawn from warehouse for consumption, on or after February 7, 2026, at 12:01 a.m. eastern standard time. It terminated HTSUS headings 9903.01.84–9903.01.89 and the corresponding note subdivision. Signing on February 6, publication on February 11 and the February 7 entry cutoff are three distinct events. Signed section 2.

CBP’s February 9 implementation bulletin confirms that cutoff and explains correction of affected entries. For eligible post-cutoff entries under the terminated headings, it described post-summary corrections for unliquidated entries and protests within 180 days after liquidation for liquidated entries. The order itself only requires refunds to the extent implementation requires them, under applicable law and standard procedures. Neither statement is a blanket promise to refund every India tariff paid before February 7. CSMS 67702087, correcting previously filed entries; Conditional refund clause.

The same February 9 bulletin said reciprocal tariffs then remained. That sentence describes the position on that date, not today’s tariff authority. The February 20 Supreme Court decision held that IEEPA does not authorize presidential tariffs, and EO 14389 then ended listed IEEPA additional duties, including the EO 14329 lineage. Other statutory duties were expressly preserved. A historical implementation notice therefore cannot establish a current all-in rate. Learning Resources holding; EO 14389, sections 1–2.

The order also contains a decision chain rather than an automatic snapback. Commerce monitors whether India resumes Russian-oil imports; a finding triggers State-led consultation and recommendations to the President. The background describes the administration’s assessment of India’s commitments, not independently verified proof of future compliance. Non-tariff monitoring must be distinguished from the original IEEPA tariff route that later legal events foreclosed. Background and section 4; Preservation of non-tariff actions.

Broader IEEPA refund litigation is a separate issue from this order’s February entry correction. On October 8, 2026, Judge Richard K. Eaton of the U.S. Court of International Trade certified a class in Freestyle World, Inc. v. U.S. Customs and Border Protection, No. 26-01088. The order defines a class by its challenged tariff orders and entry period, excluding entities that filed their own recovery actions; it is not an individualized determination that a particular India entry qualifies for payment. Its procedural history also describes an appeal over earlier liquidation/reliquidation relief. This guide does not establish the complete later appeal or stay position. October 8 opinion, opening history and conclusion/order.